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War of Spanish Succession

  • 1 War of the Spanish Succession

    Wikipedia English-Arabic glossary > War of the Spanish Succession

  • 2 the War of the Spanish Succession

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the War of the Spanish Succession

  • 3 ♦ succession

    ♦ succession /səkˈsɛʃn/
    n.
    1 successione; serie; sequela: a succession of disasters, una serie di disastri; in succession, in successione; in serie; di seguito; in close (o quick) succession, in rapida successione; uno dopo l'altro
    2 [u] successione, subentro ( in una carica, ecc.); il susseguirsi ( delle stagioni, dei mesi, dei giorni)
    3 [u] (leg.) successione; diritto di successione: the laws regulating succession, le leggi che regolano il diritto di successione; (stor.) War of the Spanish Succession, Guerra di successione spagnola
    4 [u] (leg.) discendenti; eredi: The estate was left to him and his succession, la proprietà è stata lasciata a lui e ai suoi discendenti; the succession to the throne, la successione al trono
    5 (ecol.) successione
    ● (fisc.) succession duty, imposta di successione □ (agric.) succession of crops, avvicendamento (o rotazione) delle colture □ (fisc., USA) succession tax, imposta di successione.

    English-Italian dictionary > ♦ succession

  • 4 succession

    [səkʹseʃ(ə)n] n
    1. преемственность

    in succession to smb. - в качестве чьего-л. преемника

    2. потомки, преемники
    3. последовательность

    in succession - подряд, один за другим, последовательно

    all orders are executed in succession - все заказы выполняются в порядке их поступления

    succession of plants - бот. сукцессия, смена растительности

    4. (непрерывный) ряд
    5. юр. правопреемство; наследование

    law of succession, succession law - наследственное право

    laws regulating the succession - законы, регулирующие порядок наследования

    succession of states in respect of treaties - правопреемство государств в отношении договоров

    6. юр. наследство, имущество, переходящее по наследству

    succession duty /tax/ - налог на наследство

    7. 1) престолонаследие

    war of succession - война за наследство /за престолонаследие/

    the War of the Spanish Succession - ист. Война за испанское наследство

    at the time of his succession to the throne - в то время, когда он взошёл на престол /на трон/

    2) переход власти (к кому-л.); преемственность ( на высоком посту)
    8. биол. сукцессия, последовательная смена биогеоценозов

    НБАРС > succession

  • 5 Spanish

    1. adjective

    somebody is Spanish — jemand ist Spanier/Spanierin

    2. noun
    1) (language) Spanisch, das; see also academic.ru/24358/English">English 2. 1)
    2) constr. as pl. (people) Spanier
    * * *
    Span·ish
    [ˈspænɪʃ]
    I. n
    1. no pl (language) Spanisch nt
    2. + pl vb (people)
    ▪ the \Spanish die Spanier pl
    II. adj spanisch
    \Spanish omelette Tortilla f
    \Spanish teacher Spanischlehrer(in) m(f)
    * * *
    ['spnɪʃ]
    1. adj
    spanisch

    he is Spanish — er ist Spanier

    2. n
    1)
    2) (LING) Spanisch nt
    * * *
    Spanish [ˈspænıʃ]
    A adj spanisch:
    she’s Spanish sie ist Spanierin;
    War of the Spanish Succession HIST (der) Spanische Erbfolgekrieg
    B s
    1. koll (die) Spanier pl
    2. LING Spanisch n, das Spanische
    Span. abk Spanish span.
    * * *
    1. adjective

    somebody is Spanish — jemand ist Spanier/Spanierin

    2. noun
    1) (language) Spanisch, das; see also English 2. 1)
    2) constr. as pl. (people) Spanier
    * * *
    adj.
    spanisch adj.

    English-german dictionary > Spanish

  • 6 succession

    səkˈseʃən сущ.
    1) последовательность;
    непрерывный ряд Adams took a succession of jobs which which have stood him in good stead. ≈ Адамс перепробовал несколько работ подряд, и это ему пригодилось. Scoring three goals in quick succession, he made it 10-
    8. ≈ Забив подряд три гола, он сделал счет 10-
    8. Syn: sequence, series
    2) преемственность;
    право наследования;
    порядок престолонаследия the succession to the throne ≈ порядок наследования королевской короны line of succession ≈ амер.;
    полит. порядок преемственности (процедура передачи президентской власти в случае смерти президента) She is now seventh in line of succession to the throne. ≈ В порядке наследования трона она является седьмой. ∙ the Succession States ист. ≈ государства, образовавшиеся после распада Австро-Венгрии преемственность - in * to smb. в качестве чьего-л. преемника потомки, преемники - he had no fit * подходящего преемника у него не было последовательность - in * подряд, один за другим, последовательно - for two years in * два года подряд - all orders are executed in * все заказы выполняются в порядке их поступления - disasters came in rapid * несчастья сыпались одно за другим - * of plants (ботаника) сукцессия, смена растительности (непрерывный) ряд - a * of remarkable victories ряд замечательных побед - a * of disasters цепь несчастий (юридическое) правопреемство;
    наследование - law of *, * law наследственное право - laws regulating the * законы, регулирующие порядок наследования - to get a title by * получить титул по наследству - * of states in respect of treaties правопреемство государств в отношении договоров (юридическое) наследство, имущество, переходящее по наследству - * duty /tax/ налог на наследство - * sale продажа с торгов наследственного имущества престолонаследие - war of * война за наследство /за престолонаследие/ - the War of the Spanish S. (историческое) Война за испанское наследство - at the time of his * to the throne в то время, когда он взошел на престол /на трон/ переход власти (к кому-л.) ;
    преемственность (на высоком посту) - * of governments последовательная смена правительств (биология) сукцессия, последовательная смена биогеоценозов deferred ~ отложенное наследование family ~ семейное наследственное право ~ непрерывный ряд;
    in succession подряд;
    a succession of disasters непрерывная цепь несчастий ~ преемственность;
    право наследования;
    порядок престолонаследия;
    in succession (to smb.) в качестве (чьего-л.) преемника, наследника intestate ~ наследование при отсутствии завещания legal ~ наследование по закону legal ~ правопреемство per stirpes ~ насл. в порядке представления singular ~ сингулярное правопреемство state ~ государственное правопреемство statutory intestate ~ установленный законом порядок наследования между штатами succession имущество, переходящее по наследству ~ наследники ~ наследование ~ наследственное право ~ наследство ~ непрерывный ряд;
    in succession подряд;
    a succession of disasters непрерывная цепь несчастий ~ порядок наследования ~ последовательность ~ потомки ~ правопреемство, наследование ~ преемники ~ преемственность;
    право наследования;
    порядок престолонаследия;
    in succession (to smb.) в качестве (чьего-л.) преемника, наследника ~ преемственность ~ attr.: ~ duty налог на наследство;
    the Succession States ист. государства, образовавшиеся после распада Австро-Венгрии ~ непрерывный ряд;
    in succession подряд;
    a succession of disasters непрерывная цепь несчастий ~ attr.: ~ duty налог на наследство;
    the Succession States ист. государства, образовавшиеся после распада Австро-Венгрии ~ to all rights and obligations of another наследование всех прав и обязательств другого лица testamentary ~ наследование по завещанию testate ~ наследование по завещанию universal ~ универсальное преемство

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > succession

  • 7 Guerra de Sucesión

    * * *
    * * *
    HIST War of Spanish Succession

    Spanish-English dictionary > Guerra de Sucesión

  • 8 guerra

    f.
    declarar la guerra to declare war
    en guerra at war
    guerra sin cuartel all-out war
    guerra atómica nuclear war
    guerra civil civil war
    guerra fría cold war
    guerra de guerrillas guerrilla warfare
    guerra mundial world war
    guerra de nervios war of nerves
    guerra nuclear nuclear war
    guerra psicológica psychological warfare
    guerra química chemical warfare
    guerra santa Holy War
    guerra sucia dirty war
    * * *
    1 war
    \
    dar guerra familiar to cause problems, cause trouble
    declarar la guerra a to declare war on
    en guerra at war
    ser de antes de la guerra familiar to be donkey's years old
    guerra bacteriológica / guerra biológica germ warfare
    guerra civil civil war
    guerra comercial trade war
    guerra de Cuba Spanish-American War
    guerra de la Independencia Spanish War of Independence
    guerra de los Treinta Años Thirty Years' War
    guerra de nervios war of nerves
    guerra fría cold war
    guerra mundial world war
    guerra nuclear nuclear war
    guerra psicológica psychological warfare
    guerra química chemical warfare
    guerra santa holy war
    guerra total all-out war
    la Primer Guerra Mundial World War I, the First World War, World War I
    la Segunda Guerra Mundial World War II, the Second World War
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) war
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Mil, Pol) war; (=arte) warfare

    de guerra — military, war antes de s

    Ministerio de Guerra — Ministry of War, War Office, War Department (EEUU)

    guerra bacteriana, guerra bacteriológica — germ warfare

    guerra caliente — hot war, shooting war

    guerra de agotamiento, guerra de desgaste — war of attrition

    Guerra de la Independencia — LAm War of Independence; Esp Peninsular War

    guerra relámpago — blitzkrieg, lightning war (EEUU)

    guerra santa — holy war, crusade

    declarar 1., 1)
    2) (=problemas)

    dar guerra — [gen] to be a nuisance (a to)

    make trouble (a for) [niño] to carry on

    pedir o querer guerra — [gen] to look for trouble; [sexualmente] * to feel randy o horny *

    3) (=juego) billiards
    GUERRA CIVIL ESPAÑOLA Spain's political climate was extremely volatile in the 1930s. The elections of February 1936 were won by a coalition of socialist and anarchist groups known as the Frente Popular or FP, and were followed by a period of social disorder. On July 18 of that year, General Francisco Franco led a military coup. In the ensuing war Franco's side was known as the Nacionales and the government forces as the Republicanos. Neither army was well-equipped, so foreign support was a decisive factor: the USSR sent aid to the Republicans and volunteers from all over Europe formed Brigadas Internacionales (International Brigades) to fight for the Republican side. Fascist Italy and Germany sent troops and weapons to Franco. The fighting was bitter and protracted, and the Nationalists' superior firepower finally triumphed. The war ended officially on April 1, 1939, when Franco proclaimed himself Jefe del Estado, a position he held for the next 36 years.
    See:
    * * *
    1) (Mil, Pol) war
    2) (fam) ( problemas) trouble, hassle (colloq)
    * * *
    = war, warfare.
    Ex. For example, at Woking, the stock has been split into about thirty sections, such as Health and welfare, war and warfare, retaining the Dewey sequence within each section.
    Ex. For example, at Woking, the stock has been split into about thirty sections, such as Health and welfare, War and warfare, retaining the Dewey sequence within each section.
    ----
    * amenaza de guerra = threat of war.
    * anterior a la guerra = pre-war [prewar], antebellum.
    * anterior a la Guerra Civil = pre-Civil War.
    * arrasado por la guerra = war-torn.
    * arte de la guerra = warfare.
    * avezado en la guerra = battle-hardened.
    * baja de guerra = war casualty.
    * barco de guerra = warship, naval ship, war vessel.
    * botín de guerra = war booty.
    * botín de guerra, el = spoils of war, the, victor's spoils.
    * buque de guerra = warship.
    * causar una guerra = precipitate + war.
    * centro social para veteranos de guerra = Veterans' centre.
    * comienzo de la guerra = outbreak of the war, breakout of + the war.
    * consejo de guerra = courts-martial, court martial.
    * corresponsal de guerra = war correspondent, war journalist, war reporter.
    * crímen de guerra = war crime.
    * criminal de guerra = war criminal.
    * danza de guerra = war dance.
    * dar guerra = act up, play up.
    * de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].
    * declaración de guerra = declaration of war.
    * declarar la guerra = break out into + declared war, go to + war, take up + arms.
    * declarar la guerra a = declare + war on.
    * declarar la guerra a muerte a = declare + open season on.
    * declararse en guerra = go to + war.
    * de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].
    * desatar una guerra = precipitate + war.
    * desenterrar el hacha de guerra = take up + the tomahawk, dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.
    * despojos de la guerra, los = spoils of war, the.
    * destrozado por la guerra = war-ravaged.
    * devastado por la guerra = war-torn.
    * disturbio ocasionado por la guerra = war riot.
    * durante la guerra = during wartime, wartime [wart-time], war years, the.
    * efecto de la guerra = effect of war.
    * embates de la guerra, los = ravages of war, the.
    * en contra de la guerra = antiwar [anti-war].
    * en épocas de guerra = in time(s) of war.
    * en guerra = war-torn, at war.
    * en pie de guerra = on the warpath.
    * en son de guerra = on the warpath.
    * enterrar el hacha de guerra = bury + the hatchet, bury + the tomahawk, bury + the war axe.
    * en tiempo de guerra = wartime [wart-time].
    * en tiempos de guerra = in time(s) of war.
    * escenario de la guerra = theatre [theater, -USA], theatre of war.
    * estar en guerra con = be at war with.
    * estragos de la guerra, los = ravages of war, the.
    * frente de guerra, el = war front, the.
    * ganar una guerra = win + war.
    * grito de guerra = battle cry, war cry.
    * guerra árabe-israelí, la = Arab Israeli war, the.
    * guerra asimétrica = asymmetric war, asymmetric warfare.
    * guerra a través de la red = netwar.
    * guerra civil = civil war.
    * guerra contra el despilfarro = war on waste.
    * guerra contra el terrorismo = war on terror, war on terrorism, war against terrorism.
    * guerra contra las drogas = war on drugs.
    * guerra cósmica = cosmic war.
    * guerra de almohadas = pillow fight.
    * guerra de Bosnia, la = Bosnian War, the.
    * guerra de desgaste = war of attrition.
    * guerra de guerrillas = guerrilla warfare, guerrilla war.
    * Guerra de la Independencia = War of Independence.
    * guerra de la información = information warfare.
    * guerra de las estrellas = battle of the stars.
    * Guerra de las Galaxias = Star Wars.
    * Guerra del Golfo, la = Gulf War, the.
    * Guerra del Golfo Persa, la = Persian Gulf War, the.
    * Guerra de los Boers, la = Anglo-Boer War, the.
    * guerra de nervios = war of nerves.
    * guerra de precios = pricing competition, price war.
    * guerra en red = netwar.
    * Guerra entre España y los Estados Unidos, la = Spanish-American War, the, Spanish-American War, the.
    * guerra + estallar = war + break out.
    * guerra fría, la = cold war, the.
    * guerra fronteriza = border war.
    * guerra legal = legal battle.
    * guerra mundial = world war.
    * guerra nuclear = nuclear warfare, nuclear war.
    * guerra religiosa = religious war.
    * Guerras Médicas, las = Persian Wars, the.
    * guerra sucia = dirty war.
    * guerra tribal = tribal war.
    * Guerra Zulú, la = Zulu War, the.
    * hacer estallar un guerra = ignite + war.
    * hacer la guerra = make + war.
    * hacha de guerra = tomahawk.
    * héroe de guerra = fallen hero, war hero.
    * ir a la guerra = go to + war.
    * juego de guerra = war game [wargame].
    * juzgar en consejo de guerra = court-martial.
    * libro trofeo de guerra = trophy book.
    * los avatares de la guerra = the tides of war.
    * males de la guerra, los = evils of war, the.
    * Marina de Guerra = Royal Navy.
    * misión de guerra = wartime mission.
    * nave de guerra = naval ship.
    * navío de guerra = warship.
    * ocasionar una guerra = precipitate + war.
    * pasión por la guerra = rage militaire.
    * perder una guerra = lose + war.
    * perro de guerra = dog of war, war dog.
    * ponerse en pie de guerra = dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.
    * Primera Guerra Mundial = First World War (World War I), World War I [First World War].
    * prisionero de guerra = prisoner of war, war prisoner.
    * provocar una guerra = ignite + war, precipitate + war.
    * reportero de guerra = war journalist, war correspondent, war reporter.
    * Segunda Guerra Mundial = 2nd World War, World War II [Second World War], Second World War [World War II].
    * tras las guerra = in the postwar period.
    * tribunal de guerra = court martial.
    * veterano de guerra = war veteran.
    * víctima de guerra = casualty of war, war casualty.
    * viuda de guerra = war widow.
    * zona de guerra = war zone.
    * * *
    1) (Mil, Pol) war
    2) (fam) ( problemas) trouble, hassle (colloq)
    * * *
    = war, warfare.

    Ex: For example, at Woking, the stock has been split into about thirty sections, such as Health and welfare, war and warfare, retaining the Dewey sequence within each section.

    Ex: For example, at Woking, the stock has been split into about thirty sections, such as Health and welfare, War and warfare, retaining the Dewey sequence within each section.
    * amenaza de guerra = threat of war.
    * anterior a la guerra = pre-war [prewar], antebellum.
    * anterior a la Guerra Civil = pre-Civil War.
    * arrasado por la guerra = war-torn.
    * arte de la guerra = warfare.
    * avezado en la guerra = battle-hardened.
    * baja de guerra = war casualty.
    * barco de guerra = warship, naval ship, war vessel.
    * botín de guerra = war booty.
    * botín de guerra, el = spoils of war, the, victor's spoils.
    * buque de guerra = warship.
    * causar una guerra = precipitate + war.
    * centro social para veteranos de guerra = Veterans' centre.
    * comienzo de la guerra = outbreak of the war, breakout of + the war.
    * consejo de guerra = courts-martial, court martial.
    * corresponsal de guerra = war correspondent, war journalist, war reporter.
    * crímen de guerra = war crime.
    * criminal de guerra = war criminal.
    * danza de guerra = war dance.
    * dar guerra = act up, play up.
    * de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].
    * declaración de guerra = declaration of war.
    * declarar la guerra = break out into + declared war, go to + war, take up + arms.
    * declarar la guerra a = declare + war on.
    * declarar la guerra a muerte a = declare + open season on.
    * declararse en guerra = go to + war.
    * de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].
    * desatar una guerra = precipitate + war.
    * desenterrar el hacha de guerra = take up + the tomahawk, dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.
    * despojos de la guerra, los = spoils of war, the.
    * destrozado por la guerra = war-ravaged.
    * devastado por la guerra = war-torn.
    * disturbio ocasionado por la guerra = war riot.
    * durante la guerra = during wartime, wartime [wart-time], war years, the.
    * efecto de la guerra = effect of war.
    * embates de la guerra, los = ravages of war, the.
    * en contra de la guerra = antiwar [anti-war].
    * en épocas de guerra = in time(s) of war.
    * en guerra = war-torn, at war.
    * en pie de guerra = on the warpath.
    * en son de guerra = on the warpath.
    * enterrar el hacha de guerra = bury + the hatchet, bury + the tomahawk, bury + the war axe.
    * en tiempo de guerra = wartime [wart-time].
    * en tiempos de guerra = in time(s) of war.
    * escenario de la guerra = theatre [theater, -USA], theatre of war.
    * estar en guerra con = be at war with.
    * estragos de la guerra, los = ravages of war, the.
    * frente de guerra, el = war front, the.
    * ganar una guerra = win + war.
    * grito de guerra = battle cry, war cry.
    * guerra árabe-israelí, la = Arab Israeli war, the.
    * guerra asimétrica = asymmetric war, asymmetric warfare.
    * guerra a través de la red = netwar.
    * guerra civil = civil war.
    * guerra contra el despilfarro = war on waste.
    * guerra contra el terrorismo = war on terror, war on terrorism, war against terrorism.
    * guerra contra las drogas = war on drugs.
    * guerra cósmica = cosmic war.
    * guerra de almohadas = pillow fight.
    * guerra de Bosnia, la = Bosnian War, the.
    * guerra de desgaste = war of attrition.
    * guerra de guerrillas = guerrilla warfare, guerrilla war.
    * Guerra de la Independencia = War of Independence.
    * guerra de la información = information warfare.
    * guerra de las estrellas = battle of the stars.
    * Guerra de las Galaxias = Star Wars.
    * Guerra del Golfo, la = Gulf War, the.
    * Guerra del Golfo Persa, la = Persian Gulf War, the.
    * Guerra de los Boers, la = Anglo-Boer War, the.
    * guerra de nervios = war of nerves.
    * guerra de precios = pricing competition, price war.
    * guerra en red = netwar.
    * Guerra entre España y los Estados Unidos, la = Spanish-American War, the, Spanish-American War, the.
    * guerra + estallar = war + break out.
    * guerra fría, la = cold war, the.
    * guerra fronteriza = border war.
    * guerra legal = legal battle.
    * guerra mundial = world war.
    * guerra nuclear = nuclear warfare, nuclear war.
    * guerra religiosa = religious war.
    * Guerras Médicas, las = Persian Wars, the.
    * guerra sucia = dirty war.
    * guerra tribal = tribal war.
    * Guerra Zulú, la = Zulu War, the.
    * hacer estallar un guerra = ignite + war.
    * hacer la guerra = make + war.
    * hacha de guerra = tomahawk.
    * héroe de guerra = fallen hero, war hero.
    * ir a la guerra = go to + war.
    * juego de guerra = war game [wargame].
    * juzgar en consejo de guerra = court-martial.
    * libro trofeo de guerra = trophy book.
    * los avatares de la guerra = the tides of war.
    * males de la guerra, los = evils of war, the.
    * Marina de Guerra = Royal Navy.
    * misión de guerra = wartime mission.
    * nave de guerra = naval ship.
    * navío de guerra = warship.
    * ocasionar una guerra = precipitate + war.
    * pasión por la guerra = rage militaire.
    * perder una guerra = lose + war.
    * perro de guerra = dog of war, war dog.
    * ponerse en pie de guerra = dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.
    * Primera Guerra Mundial = First World War (World War I), World War I [First World War].
    * prisionero de guerra = prisoner of war, war prisoner.
    * provocar una guerra = ignite + war, precipitate + war.
    * reportero de guerra = war journalist, war correspondent, war reporter.
    * Segunda Guerra Mundial = 2nd World War, World War II [Second World War], Second World War [World War II].
    * tras las guerra = in the postwar period.
    * tribunal de guerra = court martial.
    * veterano de guerra = war veteran.
    * víctima de guerra = casualty of war, war casualty.
    * viuda de guerra = war widow.
    * zona de guerra = war zone.

    * * *
    Guerra Civil (↑ guerra a1), Guerras de Independencia (↑ guerra a1)
    A ( Mil, Pol) war
    nos declararon la guerra they declared war on us
    están en guerra they are at war
    hacerle la guerra a algn to wage war on o against sb
    cuando estalló la guerra when war broke out
    los soldados se iban a la guerra the soldiers were going off to war o to fight in the war
    los niños jugaban a la guerra the children were playing soldiers
    le tienen declarada la guerra a la pornografía they've declared war on pornography
    Compuestos:
    open warfare
    fight to the death
    asymmetrical warfare
    ● guerra bacteriológica or biológica
    germ o biological warfare
    civil war
    trade war
    conventional warfare
    (Arg, Chi) pillow fight
    low intensity warfare
    war of attrition
    guerrilla war
    Hundred Years' War
    Six Day War
    war of nerves
    price war
    war of religion, religious war
    American Civil War
    War of Spanish Succession
    trench warfare
    cold war
    just war
    world war
    la Primera/Segunda Guerra Mundial the First/Second World War
    nuclear war
    psychological warfare
    chemical warfare
    blitzkrieg
    holy war
    all-out war
    fpl Persian Wars (pl)
    fpl Punic Wars (pl)
    dirty war
    total war
    B ( fam) (problemas) trouble, hassle ( colloq)
    estos niños me dan mucha guerra these kids give me a lot of hassle o trouble
    quieren/buscan guerra they're looking for trouble
    * * *

     

    guerra sustantivo femenino
    1 (Mil, Pol) war;

    estar en guerra to be at war;
    hacerle la guerra a algn to wage war on o against sb;
    guerra bacteriológica or biológica germ o biological warfare;
    guerra civil civil war;
    guerra fría cold war;
    guerra mundial world war;
    guerra nuclear nuclear war;
    guerra química chemical warfare
    2 (fam) ( problemas) trouble, hassle (colloq);

    guerra sustantivo femenino war: nos declararon la guerra, they declared war on us
    estamos en guerra, we are at war
    guerra bacteriológica, germ warfare
    guerra civil/mundial, civil/world war
    guerra fría, cold war
    ♦ Locuciones: familiar dar guerra, (dar problemas, trabajo) to give problems
    (dar la lata) to be a pain
    enterrar el hacha de guerra, to bury the hatchet
    en pie de guerra, on the warpath
    nombre de guerra, nom de guerre
    ' guerra' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    adscribirse
    - bacteriológica
    - bacteriológico
    - buque
    - cuando
    - declararse
    - desastre
    - desnaturalizar
    - durante
    - enterrar
    - estado
    - estallido
    - fantasma
    - guerrilla
    - haber
    - hacer
    - hornada
    - intensificación
    - ración
    - sangrienta
    - sangriento
    - secuela
    - umbral
    - unirse
    - venir
    - vencedor
    - vencedora
    - asolar
    - barco
    - borde
    - botín
    - caído
    - consejo
    - continuar
    - corresponsal
    - crimen
    - crucero
    - declaración
    - declarar
    - desencadenar
    - durar
    - embromar
    - entrar
    - estallar
    - estragos
    - ganar
    - horror
    - lisiado
    - marina
    - miseria
    English:
    act up
    - alleged
    - assume
    - atrocity
    - badly
    - battle-cry
    - blissful
    - brink
    - capture
    - ceasefire
    - civil war
    - cold war
    - court martial
    - danger
    - declaration
    - declare
    - diminish
    - drag on
    - ensue
    - escalate
    - fight
    - flatten
    - for
    - full-scale
    - germ warfare
    - go on
    - guerilla
    - guerrilla
    - in
    - intervene
    - long
    - monstrosity
    - monument
    - neutrality
    - nuclear war
    - orphan
    - outbreak
    - over
    - P.O.W.
    - pen name
    - play up
    - prewar
    - prisoner
    - ravage
    - refugee
    - shell-shocked
    - shellshock
    - start
    - stem
    - through
    * * *
    guerra nf
    [conflicto] war; [referido al tipo de conflicto] warfare; [pugna] struggle, conflict; [de intereses, ideas] conflict;
    nombre de guerra nom de guerre;
    declarar la guerra to declare war;
    Fig
    le tiene declarada la guerra a García he's at daggers drawn with García, he really has it in for García;
    en guerra at war;
    ir a la guerra to go to war;
    dar guerra to be a pain, to be annoying;
    los niños han estado todo el día dando guerra the children have been misbehaving all day;
    ¡la guerra que da este niño! this child is such a handful!;
    Fam
    de antes de la guerra ancient, prehistoric;
    buscar o [m5] pedir guerra [problemas] to look for trouble;
    Fam [sexualmente] to be looking to get laid, Br to be up for it guerra abierta open warfare;
    guerra atómica nuclear war;
    guerra bacteriológica germ warfare;
    la Guerra de los Cien Años the Hundred Years War;
    guerra de cifras war of numbers;
    guerra civil civil war;
    la Guerra Civil española the Spanish Civil War;
    guerra comercial trade war;
    guerra convencional conventional warfare;
    la Guerra de Crimea the Crimean War;
    guerra sin cuartel all-out war;
    guerra espacial star wars;
    la guerra del fletán the halibut war [between Spain and Canada over halibut fishing in the North Atlantic];
    guerra fría cold war;
    la guerra del Golfo the Gulf War;
    guerra de guerrillas guerrilla warfare;
    las guerras médicas the Persian Wars;
    guerra mundial world war;
    guerra de nervios war of nerves;
    guerra nuclear nuclear war;
    guerra de precios price war;
    guerra psicológica psychological warfare;
    las guerras púnicas the Punic Wars;
    guerra química chemical warfare;
    guerra relámpago blitzkrieg;
    guerra santa Holy War;
    la Guerra de Secesión the American Civil War;
    la Guerra de los Seis Días the Six Day War;
    la Guerra de Sucesión the War of (the) Spanish Succession;
    guerra sucia dirty war;
    la Guerra de los Treinta Años the Thirty Years War;
    la Guerra de Troya the Trojan War;
    la Guerra de Vietnam the Vietnam War
    * * *
    f war;
    dar guerra a alguien fam give s.o. trouble
    * * *
    guerra nf
    1) : war
    declarar la guerra: to declare war
    guerra sin cuartel: all-out war
    2) : warfare
    3) lucha: conflict, struggle
    * * *
    guerra n war
    dar guerra a alguien to give somebody trouble / to be a handful

    Spanish-English dictionary > guerra

  • 9 Methuen Treaty

    (1703)
       Named for the English envoy to Lisbon, John Methuen, the commercial treaty that came to be known by his name was signed on 27 December 1703. This treaty followed the May 1703 treaties of alliance between Portugal, England, and the Low Countries and the Hapsburg Empire that were related to the War of Spanish Succession. The Methuen Treaty stipulated that thenceforth Portuguese wines would be favored as exports to England in the same way that English woolen imports to Portugal would have advantages. Since England was not importing French wines due to a war with France, and since English merchant-shippers in Portugal would benefit from the agreement, the Methuen Treaty was viewed as advantageous to all parties involved. With only three articles, the treaty agreed that both Portuguese wines and English woolens would be exempt from custom duties and that each nation had to ratify the treaty within two months. The Methuen Treaty became the keystone of Anglo-Portuguese commercial relations for at least the next century, but several historians have suggested that it favored England more than Portugal.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Methuen Treaty

  • 10 João V, king

    (1689-1750)
       The son of King Pedro II and Maria Sofia Neubourg, João was acclaimed king in 1707. By any measure, his long reign (43 years) had a significant impact on Portuguese government, arts, and culture. The early period was consumed with anxiety over continental European affairs, especially the menacing War of Spanish Succession, which ended in 1714. João then shifted his emphasis to the commercial and political interests of the Atlantic empire, to the Catholic Church and religious affairs, and to reinforcing the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance. Under João, there was intensive development of colonization and exploitation in Portuguese America, namely Brazil.
       In spite of the state's usual fiscal woes, the monarchy and the nobility garnered considerable wealth from Brazilian diamonds, gold, and other materials. Large amounts of revenue were expended on royal palaces, houses, churches, chapels, and convents, and, despite the Lisbon earthquake's impact in 1755, a considerable portion of this conspicuous consumption survives in historic monuments. Most outstanding is the great Mafra Palace and Convent, a baroque monstrosity, one of the largest buildings in Europe, which was constructed during João's reign. Through his acts of piety and bribery, João was declared "Most Faithful" Majesty by the pope. Under royal largesse, Portuguese arts and culture were cultivated, and Italian opera was introduced in Lisbon.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > João V, king

  • 11 arvefølgekrig

    war of succession ( fx the War of the Spanish Succession).

    Danish-English dictionary > arvefølgekrig

  • 12 successieoorlog

    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   de Spaanse Successieoorlog • the War of the Spanish Succession

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > successieoorlog

  • 13 Война за испанское наследство

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Война за испанское наследство

  • 14 diada

    f.
    dyad.
    * * *
    DIADA NACIONAL DE CATALUNYA The Diada, or Catalonia's national day, is celebrated on 11 September to commemorate the fall of Barcelona to the Bourbon Philip V in 1714 at the end of the War of the Spanish Succession. Prior to this Catalonia had enjoyed a high degree of autonomy which it lost, along with its government, the Generalitat. For the Diada streets and balconies all over Catalonia are decked out with the Catalan flag with its four red stripes on a gold background.
    * * *
    = dyad.
    Ex. Despite differences in citation behaviour, there seems to be at least some exchange of information within this dyad.
    * * *
    = dyad.

    Ex: Despite differences in citation behaviour, there seems to be at least some exchange of information within this dyad.

    * * *
    Diada nf
    la Diada = Catalonia's national holiday [11 September]

    Spanish-English dictionary > diada

  • 15 Battle of Blenheim

    [(,bætləv)'blenɪm]
    сраже́ние при Бле́нхейме (1704; закончилось победой англо-австро-голландских войск под командованием принца Евгения Савойского [Eugène de Savoie-Carignon] и герцога Мальборо [Duke of Marlborough] над франко-баварскими войсками во время войны за Испанское наследство [War of the Spanish Succession])
    по названию селения в Баварии, близ кот. произошло сражение

    English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Battle of Blenheim

  • 16 Battle of Malplaquet

    [(,bætləv)'mælpləkeɪ]
    би́тва при Мальплаке́ (1709; закончилась победой союзных войск во главе с герцогом Мальборо [Duke of Marlborough] над французскими войсками во время войны за Испанское наследство [War of the Spanish Succession])
    по названию бельгийского селения, где происходило сражение

    English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Battle of Malplaquet

  • 17 Battle of Ramillies

    [(,bætləv)'ræmɪlɪz]
    сраже́ние при Рамийи́ /Рамильи́/ (1706; закончилось победой англо-голландских войск под командованием герцога Мальборо [Duke of Marlborough] над французскими войсками во время войны за Испанское наследство [War of the Spanish Succession])
    по названию селения в Бельгии, близ кот. произошло сражение

    English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Battle of Ramillies

  • 18 de Spaanse Successieoorlog

    de Spaanse Successieoorlog

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > de Spaanse Successieoorlog

  • 19 Whatman, James

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    baptized 4 October 1702 Loose, near Maidstone, Kent, England
    d. 29 June 1759 Loose, near Maidstone, Kent, England
    [br]
    English papermaker, inventor of wove paper.
    [br]
    The Whatman family had been established in Kent in the fifteenth century. At the time of his marriage in 1740, Whatman was described as a tanner. His wife was the widow of Richard Harris, papermaker, and, by the marriage settlement, he with his wife became joint tenants of Turkey Mill, near Maidstone. The mill had been used for fulling since the Middle Ages, but towards the end of the seventeenth century it had been converted to papermaking. Remarkably quickly, Whatman became one of the leading papermakers in England, doubtless helped by the shortage of imported paper that resulted from the Spanish Succession War of the 1740s. By the time of his death, his mill had the largest output in England, with a reputation for good-quality writing paper.
    According to his son's account much later, Whatman introduced wove paper, made in a wove wire gauze mould, in 1756. It gave a smoother paper with a more even surface, and was probably made at the suggestion of the celebrated printer and type founder John Baskerville. Whatman printed a book in 1757 on paper with an even texture but with laid lines still discernible, indicating that at first the wire gauze was placed in a conventional wire mould. In a book printed by Baskerville two years later, these lines are no longer visible, so a wire gauze mould was in use by then.
    After Whatman's death, Turkey Mill was managed by his widow for three years, until his son James (1741–98) was old enough to take charge. Under the management of the son, the mill maintained the scale and quality of its output, and in 1769 it was described as the largest paper mill in England where the best writing paper was made.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    T.Balston, 1957, James Whatman, Father and Son, London: Methuen.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Whatman, James

  • 20 Chronology

      15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.
      400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.
      202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.
      137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.
      410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.
      714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.
      1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.
      1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.
      1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.
      1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.
      1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).
      1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.
      1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.
      1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.
      1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.
      1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.
      1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.
      1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.
      1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.
      1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.
      1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.
      1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.
      1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.
      1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.
      1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.
      1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.
      1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.
      1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).
      1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.
      1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.
      1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.
      1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.
       King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.
       King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.
      1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.
      1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.
      1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.
       Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.
       Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.
       Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.
      1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.
      1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.
      1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.
      1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.
      1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.
      1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.
      1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.
      1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.
      1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.
      1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.
      1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.
      1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.
      1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.
      1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.
      1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.
      1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.
      1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.
      1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.
      1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.
      1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.
      1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.
      1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.
      1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.
      1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.
      1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.
       Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.
       King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.
      1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of
       Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.
       Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.
       King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.
      1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.
      1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.
      1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.
      1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.
      1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.
      1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.
       January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.
       Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.
      1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.
      1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.
      1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.
      1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.
      1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.
       May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.
       March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.
       Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.
      1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.
      1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January
      1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.
      1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."
       28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.
       February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.
       April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.
      1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.
      1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."
      1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.
       6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.
       8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.
      1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.
      1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.
      1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
       January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.
      1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.
      1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.
      1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.
       March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.
       March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.
      1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July
      1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.
      1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).
      1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.
      1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.
       January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.
       January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.
       November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.
       October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.
       January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.
       May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.
       October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.
       January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).
       United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.
       January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.
       1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
       May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.
       June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.
       February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.
       January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.
       July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.
      2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology

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